diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskConsistentRule.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskConsistentRule.cs
index 5906e71fc..c5c795538 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskConsistentRule.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskConsistentRule.cs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
 
-		public string Note { get; set; }
+		public string Note { get; set; }=string.Empty;
 
 
 		public Guid TrialReadingCriterionId { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReview.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReview.cs
index 21511a827..39c33a358 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReview.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReview.cs
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 {
     public class OSSImageInfo
     {
-        public string FileName { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string ImagePath { get; set; }
+        public string ImagePath { get; set; } = string.Empty;
     }
     ///<summary>
     ///TaskMedicalReview
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReviewRule.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReviewRule.cs
index 160684ab6..9c87902d3 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReviewRule.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TaskMedicalReviewRule.cs
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 	
 		public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
 	
-		public string Note { get; set; }
+		public string Note { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public Guid TrialId { get; set; }	
+        public Guid TrialId { get; set; }	
 
 		public int PlanVisitCount { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TrialVirtualSiteCodeUpdate.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TrialVirtualSiteCodeUpdate.cs
index 68c915486..45c629891 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TrialVirtualSiteCodeUpdate.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Allocation/TrialVirtualSiteCodeUpdate.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 	
 
-		public string VirturalSiteCode { get; set; }
+		public string VirturalSiteCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/DomainEvent.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/DomainEvent.cs
index f645ebf3e..c0f4fbb4a 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/DomainEvent.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/DomainEvent.cs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.BaseModel
     public class FailedDomainEvent
     {
         public Guid Id { get; set; }
-        public string EventType { get; set; }
-        public string EventData { get; set; }
+        public string EventType { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        public string EventData { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public DateTime FailedAt { get; set; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/Entity.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/Entity.cs
index 91638466d..26c0b0fc9 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/Entity.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/Entity.cs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
     public abstract class BaseAddAuditEntityWithUserName : Entity, IAuditAddWithUserName
     {
-        public string CreateUser { get; set; }
+        public string CreateUser { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public Guid CreateUserId { get; set; }
         public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/IAuditAdd.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/IAuditAdd.cs
index 4786c8e6d..b301d3d87 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/IAuditAdd.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/BaseModel/IAuditAdd.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
     public interface IAuditAddWithUserName : IAuditAdd<Guid>
     {
-        public string CreateUser { get; set; }
+        public string CreateUser { get; set; } 
     }
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/Dictionary.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/Dictionary.cs
index 5ca06026e..a028e81cd 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/Dictionary.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/Dictionary.cs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public int ShowOrder { get; set; }
 
-        public string Code { get; set; }
+        public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/FrontAuditConfig.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/FrontAuditConfig.cs
index 21ac90a95..1efc058dc 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/FrontAuditConfig.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/FrontAuditConfig.cs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public string DataType { get; set; } = String.Empty;
 
         // 后端翻译的类型  对应前端界面  "",Dictionary,Date
-        public string EnumType { get; set; }
+        public string EnumType { get; set; } = String.Empty;
 
 
 
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// 是否为特殊类型
         /// </summary>
         public bool IsSpecialType { get; set; }
-        public string DictionaryKey { get; set; }
+        public string DictionaryKey { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
         public bool IsShowByTrialConfig { get; set; }
-        public string TrialConfigRelyFieldName { get; set; }
+        public string TrialConfigRelyFieldName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         #endregion
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
     {
         public bool IsRoute { get; set; }
 
-        public string RoutePath { get; set; }
+        public string RoutePath { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public bool IsHaveParameters { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/PublishLog.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/PublishLog.cs
index 8d7bf63e0..55c7019b5 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/PublishLog.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/PublishLog.cs
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 	 {
 	 
 
-		public string Version { get; set; }
+		public string Version { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        public DateTime? PublishTime { get; set; }
 	
-		public DateTime? PublishTime { get; set; }
-	
-		public string UpdateContent { get; set; }
-	
-		//0 开发中 ，已发布
-		public int State { get; set; }
+		public string UpdateContent { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        //0 开发中 ，已发布
+        public int State { get; set; }
 
 		public bool IsCurrentVersion { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/SystemBasicData.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/SystemBasicData.cs
index e663a5f5c..799565951 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/SystemBasicData.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Common/SystemBasicData.cs
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public int ShowOrder { get; set; }
 
-		public string Code { get; set; }	
+		public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }
+        public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }
 
 
 		 public string ValueCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Attachment.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Attachment.cs
index a78eee9c8..85aaf8f47 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Attachment.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Attachment.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public Doctor Doctor { get; set; }
 
         public Guid DoctorId { get; set; }
-        public string Type { get; set; }
+        public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public bool IsOfficial { get; set; } = false;
         public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Doctor.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Doctor.cs
index abbd2d970..0d698ebb9 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Doctor.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/Doctor.cs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 
         [StringLength(100)]
-        public string Password { get; set; }
+        public string Password { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
         [StringLength(50)]
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorCriterionFile.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorCriterionFile.cs
index b7c019ea1..5a5edecf4 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorCriterionFile.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorCriterionFile.cs
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 文件名称
         /// </summary>
-        public string FileName { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 文件路径
         /// </summary>
-		public string FilePath { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+        public string FilePath { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 标准类型
         /// </summary>
-		public CriterionType CriterionType { get; set; }
+        public CriterionType CriterionType { get; set; }
 	
 		/// <summary>
         /// 医生Id
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
         /// 备注
         /// </summary>
-		public string Remark { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+		public string Remark { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 文件类型
         /// </summary>
-		public CriterionFileType FileType { get; set; }
+        public CriterionFileType FileType { get; set; }
 	
 
 
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		
 
-		public string CriterionName { get; set; }
-		public Guid? TrialReadingCriterionId { get; set; }
+		public string CriterionName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        public Guid? TrialReadingCriterionId { get; set; }
 		public Guid? TrialId { get; set; }
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorWorkload.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorWorkload.cs
index fce8c78d6..2701ef933 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorWorkload.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/DoctorWorkload.cs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public int CreateUserType { get; set; }
 
         [Required]
-        public string YearMonth { get; set; }
+        public string YearMonth { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public bool IsLock { get; set; } = false;
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/TrialExperience.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/TrialExperience.cs
index b9c88d696..831c52e13 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/TrialExperience.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Dcotor/TrialExperience.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public Dictionary Phase { get; set; }
 
         [StringLength(512)]
-        public string EvaluationContent { get; set; }
+        public string EvaluationContent { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
         public int VisitReadingCount { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Document/TrialEmailNoticeConfig.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Document/TrialEmailNoticeConfig.cs
index 1bd2ce787..6160fb984 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Document/TrialEmailNoticeConfig.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Document/TrialEmailNoticeConfig.cs
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-        public string AttachName { get; set; }
-        public string AttachNameCN { get; set; }
+        public string AttachName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        public string AttachNameCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
         public string EmailHtmlContent { get; set; } = string.Empty;
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/CalculateTask.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/CalculateTask.cs
index d46027c7c..7d60de36e 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/CalculateTask.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/CalculateTask.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public Guid ReviewerId { get; set; }
 
         [Required]
-        public string YearMonth { get; set; }
+        public string YearMonth { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public bool IsLock { get; set; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ExchangeRate.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ExchangeRate.cs
index 41fe845b6..c3cf0e6f2 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ExchangeRate.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ExchangeRate.cs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
     [Table("ExchangeRate")]
     public class ExchangeRate : BaseFullAuditEntity
     {
-        public string YearMonth { get; set; }
+        public string YearMonth { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18,2)")]
         public decimal Rate { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentAdjustment.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentAdjustment.cs
index 732db0aa6..51fc64c24 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentAdjustment.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentAdjustment.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public Guid ReviewerId { get; set; }
 
         public DateTime YearMonthDate { get; set; }
-        public string YearMonth { get; set; }
+        public string YearMonth { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18,2)")]
         public decimal AdjustmentUSD { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentDetail.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentDetail.cs
index 81c217ba4..04513282a 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentDetail.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/PaymentDetail.cs
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
     {
         public Guid PaymentId { get; set; }
         public Guid DoctorId { get; set; }
-        public string YearMonth { get; set; }
+        public string YearMonth { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 
         [StringLength(50)]
-        public string TrialCode { get; set; }
+        public string TrialCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [StringLength(50)]
-        public string PaymentType { get; set; }
+        public string PaymentType { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public int Count { get; set; }
 
         [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18,2)")]
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/RankPrice.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/RankPrice.cs
index 7fce8616e..99686efcb 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/RankPrice.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/RankPrice.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
     public partial class RankPrice : BaseFullAuditEntity
     {
         [StringLength(200)]
-        public string RankName { get; set; }
+        public string RankName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18,2)")]
         public decimal Timepoint { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ReviewerPayInformation.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ReviewerPayInformation.cs
index 6b5d05c46..9dc577be4 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ReviewerPayInformation.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/ReviewerPayInformation.cs
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
     {
         public Guid DoctorId { get; set; }
         [StringLength(200)]
-        public string DoctorNameInBank { get; set; }
+        public string DoctorNameInBank { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [StringLength(100)]
-        public string IDCard { get; set; }
+        public string IDCard { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [StringLength(100)]
-        public string BankCardNumber { get; set; }
+        public string BankCardNumber { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         [StringLength(200)]
-        public string BankName { get; set; }
+        public string BankName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public Guid RankId { get; set; }
 
         [Column(TypeName = "decimal(18,2)")]
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/TrialRevenuesPriceVerification.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/TrialRevenuesPriceVerification.cs
index 822c312d6..039ba04de 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/TrialRevenuesPriceVerification.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Financial/TrialRevenuesPriceVerification.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public Guid ReviewerId { get; set; }
 
-        public string YearMonth { get; set; }
+        public string YearMonth { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public bool Training { get; set; } = false;
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/ImageShare.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/ImageShare.cs
index cbd10e7af..0244d9781 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/ImageShare.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/ImageShare.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public DateTime ExpireTime { get; set; }
 
-        public string Password { get; set; }
+        public string Password { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/NoneDicomStudyFile.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/NoneDicomStudyFile.cs
index 10575a795..48e9be4de 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/NoneDicomStudyFile.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/NoneDicomStudyFile.cs
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public Guid NoneDicomStudyId { get; set; }
 
 
-        public string Path { get; set; }
+        public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-        public string FileName { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string FileType { get; set; }
+        public string FileType { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public long? FileSize { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/SystemAnonymization.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/SystemAnonymization.cs
index 31275b027..8ae645fe1 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/SystemAnonymization.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/SystemAnonymization.cs
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		public string TagDescription { get; set; } = String.Empty;
 
 
-		public string TagDescriptionCN { get; set; } 
+		public string TagDescriptionCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		
-		public string ReplaceValue { get; set; } = String.Empty;
+
+        public string ReplaceValue { get; set; } = String.Empty;
 
 
 		public string ValueRepresentation { get; set; } = String.Empty;
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/TrialDicomAE.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/TrialDicomAE.cs
index 58fdbf36e..db3588e36 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/TrialDicomAE.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Image/TrialDicomAE.cs
@@ -9,36 +9,36 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 {
-	 ///<summary>
-	 ///DicomAE
-	 ///</summary>
-	 [Table("TrialDicomAE")]	
-	 public class TrialDicomAE : BaseFullAuditEntity
-	 {
+    ///<summary>
+    ///DicomAE
+    ///</summary>
+    [Table("TrialDicomAE")]
+    public class TrialDicomAE : BaseFullAuditEntity
+    {
         #region 导航属性
 
         #endregion
         public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
-      
-
-		public string CalledAE { get; set; } = string.Empty;
-
-        public string IP { get; set; }
-	
-
-		public int Port { get; set; }
-	
-
-		public string Modality { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-        public string Description { get; set; }=string.Empty;
+        public string CalledAE { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        public string IP { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-		public DateTime? LatestTestTime { get; set; }
+        public int Port { get; set; }
 
-		public bool? IsTestOK { get; set; }
-	 
-	 }
 
-}	 
+        public string Modality { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public DateTime? LatestTestTime { get; set; }
+
+        public bool? IsTestOK { get; set; }
+
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/CRO.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/CRO.cs
index 35b8bc753..a592a7680 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/CRO.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/CRO.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         #endregion
         public string CROName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string CRONameCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
-        public string CROCode { get; set; }
+        public string CROCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
         public bool IsTrialLevel { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/Site.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/Site.cs
index 1287a1c86..a1b43bd4d 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/Site.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Institution/Site.cs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public string SiteName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string SiteNameCN{ get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string AliasName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
-        public string SiteCode { get; set; }
+        public string SiteCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public int Code { get; set; }
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public string UniqueCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string Address { get; set; }
+        public string Address { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public string DirectorName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string DirectorPhone { get; set; } = string.Empty;
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/Notice/SystemNotice.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/Notice/SystemNotice.cs
index c73658228..33fc437d5 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/Notice/SystemNotice.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/Notice/SystemNotice.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 
 
-        public string NoticeContent { get; set; } 
+        public string NoticeContent { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public SystemNotice_NoticeTypeEnum NoticeTypeEnum { get; set; }
 
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public DateTime? EndDate { get; set; }
 
-        public string FileName { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string Path { get; set; }
+        public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public Guid? PublishedUserId { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserFeedBack.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserFeedBack.cs
index 9dd0d1d66..f83a4e91b 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserFeedBack.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserFeedBack.cs
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public int QuestionType { get; set; }
 
-        public string QuestionDescription { get; set; }
+        public string QuestionDescription { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
 
 
-      
 
 
         public int State { get; set; }
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public Guid? TrialId { get; set; }
 
-        public string ScreenshotListStr { get; set; }
+        public string ScreenshotListStr { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
 
-        
 
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserPassWordLog.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserPassWordLog.cs
index e702b0be4..c76bd52b9 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserPassWordLog.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserPassWordLog.cs
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
         /// 密码
         /// </summary>
-		public string PassWord { get; set; }
-	
+		public string PassWord { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	 
-	 }
+
+
+    }
 
 
 }	 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserType.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserType.cs
index a1490e0e8..02cc5c28a 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserType.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Management/UserType.cs
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         #endregion
         public UserTypeEnum UserTypeEnum { get; set; }
        
-        public string UserTypeName { get; set; }
+        public string UserTypeName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string Description { get; set; }
+        public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public int  Order { get; set; }
 
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         public bool IsEnable { get; set; } = true;
 
 
-        public string PermissionStr { get; set; }
+        public string PermissionStr { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
 
 
 
-      
 
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/ClinicalData/PreviousPDF.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/ClinicalData/PreviousPDF.cs
index 7e42a1cc4..d1535e36f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/ClinicalData/PreviousPDF.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/ClinicalData/PreviousPDF.cs
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
     
 		public Guid SubjectVisitId { get; set; }
 	
-		public string Path { get; set; }
-	
-		public string FileName { get; set; }
-	
+		public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public bool? IsVisist { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public bool? IsVisist { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 临床级别
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/QCQuestion.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/QCQuestion.cs
index febd0c98b..aca577f2b 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/QCQuestion.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/QCQuestion.cs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public string TypeValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; }
+		public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 		public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestion.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestion.cs
index fcca55688..8fdac80c2 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestion.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestion.cs
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		public Guid? ParentId { get; set; }
 	
 
-		public string TypeValue { get; set; }
-	
+		public string TypeValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; }
-	
 
-		public int ShowOrder { get; set; }
+        public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public int ShowOrder { get; set; }
 
 		public bool? IsConfirm { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestionAnswer.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestionAnswer.cs
index 2b18610b2..998576725 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestionAnswer.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/QC/TrialQCQuestionAnswer.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 	
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
+		public string Answer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 		public TrialQCProcess QCProcessEnum { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/AdditionalEvaluate/SubjectAdditionalEvaluationResult.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/AdditionalEvaluate/SubjectAdditionalEvaluationResult.cs
index ec93af7de..93a4f7fa3 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/AdditionalEvaluate/SubjectAdditionalEvaluationResult.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/AdditionalEvaluate/SubjectAdditionalEvaluationResult.cs
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public Guid? VisitTaskId { get; set; }
 	
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+		public string Answer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 附加评估答案翻译字典
         /// </summary>
 
-		public string TranslateDictionaryCode { get; set; }=string.Empty;
+        public string TranslateDictionaryCode { get; set; }=string.Empty;
 	
 		/// <summary>
         /// 是否是最终结果
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// 最终结果
         /// </summary>
 
-		public string FinalAnswer { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+		public string FinalAnswer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 最终结果翻字典
         /// </summary>
 
-		public string FinalTranslateDictionaryCode { get; set; }
-	 
-	 }
+        public string FinalTranslateDictionaryCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    }
 
 }	 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataSystemSet.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataSystemSet.cs
index 9b1c1d414..7e04dfa4f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataSystemSet.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataSystemSet.cs
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 
 
-using System;
 using IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Share;
-using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
 using System.Linq;
 
 namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 {
-	///<summary>
-	/// 临床资料系统配置
-	///</summary>
-	[Table("ClinicalDataSystemSet")]
-	public class ClinicalDataSystemSet : BaseAddAuditEntity
+    ///<summary>
+    /// 临床资料系统配置
+    ///</summary>
+    [Table("ClinicalDataSystemSet")]
+    public class ClinicalDataSystemSet : BaseAddAuditEntity
     {
         #region 导航属性
 
@@ -24,10 +23,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// </summary>
         public int ClinicalDataSetEnum { get; set; }
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 名称
-		/// </summary>
-		public string ClinicalDataSetName { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ClinicalDataSetName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 是否应用
@@ -39,53 +38,53 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// </summary>
         public string ClinicalDataSetEnName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 临床级别
-		/// </summary>
-		public ClinicalLevel ClinicalDataLevel { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 临床级别
+        /// </summary>
+        public ClinicalLevel ClinicalDataLevel { get; set; }
 
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 上传方式
-		/// </summary>
-		public ClinicalUploadType ClinicalUploadType { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 上传方式
+        /// </summary>
+        public ClinicalUploadType ClinicalUploadType { get; set; }
 
 
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 是否启用
-		/// </summary>
-		public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否启用
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 上传角色
-		/// </summary>
-		public UploadRole UploadRole { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 上传角色
+        /// </summary>
+        public UploadRole UploadRole { get; set; }
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 模板文件名称
-		/// </summary>
-		public string FileName { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 模板文件名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 文件路径
-		/// </summary>
-		public string Path { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 文件路径
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public string CriterionEnumListStr { get; set; }=String.Empty;
+        public string CriterionEnumListStr { get; set; } = String.Empty;
 
 
 
 
         [NotMapped]
-        public List<int> CriterionEnumList => CriterionEnumListStr.Split('|', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Where(t => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(t)  && int.TryParse(t.Trim(),out var s)).Select(t =>  int.Parse(t.Trim()) ).ToList();
+        public List<int> CriterionEnumList => CriterionEnumListStr.Split('|', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Where(t => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(t) && int.TryParse(t.Trim(), out var s)).Select(t => int.Parse(t.Trim())).ToList();
 
-		//public List<SystemClinicalDataCriterion> SystemClinicalDataCriterionList { get; set; } = new List<SystemClinicalDataCriterion>();
+        //public List<SystemClinicalDataCriterion> SystemClinicalDataCriterionList { get; set; } = new List<SystemClinicalDataCriterion>();
+
+    }
 
-	}
 
 
-	
 
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataTrialSet.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataTrialSet.cs
index 64f743b74..478db8018 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataTrialSet.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ClinicalDataTrialSet.cs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 名称
         /// </summary>
-        public string ClinicalDataSetName { get; set; }
+        public string ClinicalDataSetName { get; set; }=string.Empty;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 英文名称
@@ -87,16 +87,16 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 模板文件名称
         /// </summary>
-        public string FileName { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 文件路径
         /// </summary>
-        public string Path { get; set; }
+        public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
 
-		public string CriterionEnumListStr { get; set; } = String.Empty;
+        public string CriterionEnumListStr { get; set; } = String.Empty;
 
         public List<int> CriterionEnumList => CriterionEnumListStr.Split('|', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Where(t => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(t) && int.TryParse(t.Trim(), out var s)).Select(t => int.Parse(t.Trim())).ToList();
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingClinicalDataPDF.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingClinicalDataPDF.cs
index fe2149803..615e5f8bd 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingClinicalDataPDF.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingClinicalDataPDF.cs
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// </summary>
         public Guid ReadingClinicalDataId { get; set; }
 
-		public string Path { get; set; }
+		public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-		public string FileName { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-		public int Size { get; set; } = 0;
+        public int Size { get; set; } = 0;
 
-        public string Type { get; set; }
+        public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
     }
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingConsistentClinicalDataPDF.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingConsistentClinicalDataPDF.cs
index c37778d50..5dbb5d41c 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingConsistentClinicalDataPDF.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalData/ReadingConsistentClinicalDataPDF.cs
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// </summary>
         public Guid ReadingConsistentClinicalDataId { get; set; }
 
-		public string Path { get; set; }
+		public string Path { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-		public string FileName { get; set; }
+        public string FileName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public int Size { get; set; } = 0;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 文件类型
         /// </summary>
-        public string Type { get; set; }
+        public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
     }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestion/SystemClinicalQuestion.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestion/SystemClinicalQuestion.cs
index 7a8ddccb0..55ba1071f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestion/SystemClinicalQuestion.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestion/SystemClinicalQuestion.cs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 临床问题类型(分组，单选。)
         /// </summary>
-        public string ClinicalQuestionType { get; set; }
+        public string ClinicalQuestionType { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 问题标识
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalQuestionAnswer.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalQuestionAnswer.cs
index f08083760..45cd279f7 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalQuestionAnswer.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalQuestionAnswer.cs
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// </summary>
 		public Guid QuestionId { get; set; }
 
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
-	 
-		public Guid ClinicalDataTrialSetId { get; set; }
+		public string Answer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        public Guid ClinicalDataTrialSetId { get; set; }
 
 
     }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalTableAnswer.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalTableAnswer.cs
index 668a68260..e3fed2f34 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalTableAnswer.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ClinicalQuestionAnswer/ClinicalTableAnswer.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public Guid RowId { get; set; }
 
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
+		public string Answer { get; set; }=string.Empty;
 
 		public Guid TableQuestionId { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineQuestionAnswer.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineQuestionAnswer.cs
index 1be26e10e..7502ef5af 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineQuestionAnswer.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineQuestionAnswer.cs
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		public Guid VisitTaskId { get; set; }
 
 		
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
-	
+		public string Answer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
 
 
     }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineSystemQuestion.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineSystemQuestion.cs
index 47862f8a5..d3f46318f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineSystemQuestion.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineSystemQuestion.cs
@@ -32,22 +32,22 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 类型
         /// </summary>
-        public string Type { get; set; }
+        public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 父问题触发
-		/// </summary>
-		public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 父问题触发
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 问题名称
 		/// </summary>
-		public string QuestionName { get; set; }
+		public string QuestionName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 语言类型
-		/// </summary>
-		public LanguageType LanguageType { get; set; } = LanguageType.Chinese;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 语言类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public LanguageType LanguageType { get; set; } = LanguageType.Chinese;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 是否是必须
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 类型值
 		/// </summary>
-		public string TypeValue { get; set; }
-	
+		public string TypeValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	
-		/// <summary>
+
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 是否启用
         /// </summary>
-		public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
+        public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 任务类型
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineTrialQuestion.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineTrialQuestion.cs
index 9a4f7557a..42388cf4a 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineTrialQuestion.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/MedicalAudit/ReadingMedicineTrialQuestion.cs
@@ -25,35 +25,35 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 类型
         /// </summary>	
-        public string Type { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+        public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 父问题触发值
         /// </summary>
-		public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 问题名称
 		/// </summary>
-		public string QuestionName { get; set; }
+		public string QuestionName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 语言类型
-		/// </summary>
-		public LanguageType LanguageType { get; set; } = LanguageType.Chinese;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 语言类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public LanguageType LanguageType { get; set; } = LanguageType.Chinese;
 
 
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 类型值
 		/// </summary>
-		public string TypeValue { get; set; }
-	
+		public string TypeValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 项目ID
         /// </summary>
-		public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
+        public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
         /// 是否启用
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingCriterionPage.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingCriterionPage.cs
index 5638cec3e..db1e44a5a 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingCriterionPage.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingCriterionPage.cs
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
         /// 分页名称
         /// </summary>
-		public string PageName { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+		public string PageName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 是否启用
         /// </summary>
-		public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
+        public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
 	
 		
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingQuestionCriterionTrial.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingQuestionCriterionTrial.cs
index a7f623663..b3f066c19 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingQuestionCriterionTrial.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/ReadingQuestionCriterionTrial.cs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// 标准
         /// </summary>
-        public string CriterionName { get; set; }
+        public string CriterionName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 是否启用
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/SystemCriterionDictionaryCode.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/SystemCriterionDictionaryCode.cs
index 8698348b9..c7b533e91 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/SystemCriterionDictionaryCode.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/SystemCriterionDictionaryCode.cs
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public Guid SystemCriterionId { get; set; }
 
-		public string Code { get; set; }
-	
+		public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	 
-	 }
+
+
+    }
 
 	 
 }	 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/TrialCriterionDictionaryCode.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/TrialCriterionDictionaryCode.cs
index a1dac37b9..7710591a4 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/TrialCriterionDictionaryCode.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterion/TrialCriterionDictionaryCode.cs
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public Guid TrialCriterionId { get; set; }
 
-		public string Code { get; set; }
-	
+		public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	 
-	 }
+
+
+    }
 
 	
 }	 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterionQuestion/ReadingQuestionSystem.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterionQuestion/ReadingQuestionSystem.cs
index bcfd1d304..f690a8be9 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterionQuestion/ReadingQuestionSystem.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingCriterionQuestion/ReadingQuestionSystem.cs
@@ -99,22 +99,22 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 类型
 		/// </summary>
-		public string Type { get; set; }
+		public string Type { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 父问题触发
-		/// </summary>
-		public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 父问题触发
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ParentTriggerValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 问题名称
-		/// </summary>
-		public string QuestionName { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 问题名称
+        /// </summary>
+        public string QuestionName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 是否是必须
-		/// </summary>
-		public IsRequired IsRequired { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否是必须
+        /// </summary>
+        public IsRequired IsRequired { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 排序
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 类型值
 		/// </summary>
-		public string TypeValue { get; set; }
+		public string TypeValue { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 是否启用
-		/// </summary>
-		public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否启用
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsEnable { get; set; }
 
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 备注
 		/// </summary>
-		public string Remark { get; set; }
+		public string Remark { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 关联ID
-		/// </summary>
-		public Guid? RelevanceId { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 关联ID
+        /// </summary>
+        public Guid? RelevanceId { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 关联Value
@@ -160,12 +160,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 分组
 		/// </summary>
-		public string GroupName { get; set; }
+		public string GroupName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 图片数量
-		/// </summary>
-		public int ImageCount { get; set; } = 1;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 图片数量
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ImageCount { get; set; } = 1;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 是否显示
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingCustomTag.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingCustomTag.cs
index 1b056bb37..81905c59f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingCustomTag.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingCustomTag.cs
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public Guid? InstanceId { get; set; }
 
-		public string MeasureData { get; set; }
-	
+		public string MeasureData { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
         public int? NumberOfFrames { get; set; }
 
     }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingGlobalTaskInfo.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingGlobalTaskInfo.cs
index c5b164d7c..38818aa3c 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingGlobalTaskInfo.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingGlobalTaskInfo.cs
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// 问题答案
 		/// </summary>
 
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
+		public string Answer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	
-		public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
+
+        public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 全局答案类型
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingOncologyTaskInfo.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingOncologyTaskInfo.cs
index ccb6efcde..1d4886e61 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingOncologyTaskInfo.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingOncologyTaskInfo.cs
@@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
         /// 结果
         /// </summary>
-		public string EvaluationResult { get; set; }
-	
-		/// <summary>
+		public string EvaluationResult { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 原因
         /// </summary>
-		public string EvaluationReason { get; set; }
+        public string EvaluationReason { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	
-		/// <summary>
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// 项目Id
         /// </summary>
-		public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
+        public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 	
 		/// <summary>
         /// 受试者Id
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingTableQuestionAnswer.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingTableQuestionAnswer.cs
index b524e02de..bbd3c4918 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingTableQuestionAnswer.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingFormAnswer/ReadingTableQuestionAnswer.cs
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public decimal RowIndex { get; set; }
 	
-		public string Answer { get; set; }
-	
-		
-		public Guid RowId { get; set; }
+		public string Answer { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public Guid RowId { get; set; }
 
 
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadModule.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadModule.cs
index 5be3f9597..8084a6318 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadModule.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadModule.cs
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 模块名称
 		/// </summary>
-		public string ModuleName { get; set; }
+		public string ModuleName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 是否加急
-		/// </summary>
-		public bool? IsUrgent { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否加急
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool? IsUrgent { get; set; }
 
 		public Guid SubjectVisitId { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadingPeriodSet.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadingPeriodSet.cs
index 7317239db..f4d2ca6b1 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadingPeriodSet.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ReadingPeriod/ReadingPeriodSet.cs
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 阅片期名称
 		/// </summary>
-		public string ReadingPeriodName { get; set; }
+		public string ReadingPeriodName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// 阅片范围
-		/// </summary>
-		public ReadingScopeEnum ReadingScope { get; set; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 阅片范围
+        /// </summary>
+        public ReadingScopeEnum ReadingScope { get; set; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// 截止日期
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/DefaultShortcutKey.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/DefaultShortcutKey.cs
index 40c68b430..642c03d1f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/DefaultShortcutKey.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/DefaultShortcutKey.cs
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
 		public bool MetaKey { get; set; } = false;
 
-		public string Text { get; set; }
+		public string Text { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 	}
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/UserWLTemplate.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/UserWLTemplate.cs
index 88fc6f7f1..f5198f72f 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/UserWLTemplate.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Reading/ShortcutKey/UserWLTemplate.cs
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         #endregion
 
-        public string TemplateName { get; set; }
-	
+        public string TemplateName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public Guid UserId { get; set; }
+
+        public Guid UserId { get; set; }
 	
 
 	
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/Trial.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/Trial.cs
index 011ee8f9b..f80e1657b 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/Trial.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/Trial.cs
@@ -277,7 +277,6 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
         /// </summary>time
         public TrialType TrialType { get; set; }
 
-        //public string TempCode { get; set; }
 
 
         public int PlanSiteCount { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/TrialBodyPart.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/TrialBodyPart.cs
index 67d9fadb6..421b4b200 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/TrialBodyPart.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Trial/TrialBodyPart.cs
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         #endregion
 
-        public string Code { get; set; }
-	
+        public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-		public string Name { get; set; }
-	
 
-		public string NameCN { get; set; }
+        public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-	
 
-		public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
+        public string NameCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+
+        public Guid TrialId { get; set; }
 
 
 		public bool IsHandAdd { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialAudit.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialAudit.cs
index cfa84c0a4..4bc2dbd98 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialAudit.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialAudit.cs
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public Guid OptUserId { get; set; }
 
-        public string OptUser { get; set; }
+        public string OptUser { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public DateTime OptTime { get; set; }=DateTime.Now;
-        public string Note { get; set; }
+        public string Note { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string Detail { get; set; }
+        public string Detail { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
     }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialSiteDicomAE.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialSiteDicomAE.cs
index 36b86415f..ee29aeb28 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialSiteDicomAE.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialSiteDicomAE.cs
@@ -28,19 +28,19 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 		public Guid TrialSiteId { get; set; }
 	
 
-		public string CallingAE { get; set; }
-	
-
-		public string IP { get; set; }
-	
-
-		public string Port { get; set; }
-	
-
-		public string Description { get; set; }
+		public string CallingAE { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-	 
-	 }
+        public string IP { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public string Port { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+        public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+
+
+    }
 
 }	 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialUserPreparation .cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialUserPreparation .cs
index e1fb8ec88..1b97fe6c8 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialUserPreparation .cs	
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/TrialSiteUser/TrialUserPreparation .cs	
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public DateTime? JoinTime { get; set; }
 
-        public string RejectReason { get; set; }
+        public string RejectReason { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
 
-	}
+    }
 
 }	 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/Subject.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/Subject.cs
index 4d69a7de6..a0b5daf26 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/Subject.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/Subject.cs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public Guid TrialSiteId { get; set; }
 
-        public string Code { get; set; }
+        public string Code { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string FirstName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public string LastName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
         public int? Age { get; set; }
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/VisitPlanInfluenceStudy.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/VisitPlanInfluenceStudy.cs
index b35e2c1f6..d0173db02 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/VisitPlanInfluenceStudy.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/Visit/VisitPlanInfluenceStudy.cs
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Models
 
         public bool IsDicomStudy { get; set; }
 
-        public string Modality { get; set; }
+        public string Modality { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public bool IsOverWindowNowNotOverWindow { get; set; }
 
         public DateTime? StudyTime { get; set; }
 
-        public string HistoryWindow { get; set; }
+        public string HistoryWindow { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string NowWindow { get; set; }
+        public string NowWindow { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
         public Guid VisitPlanInfluenceStatId { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/_Config/_AppSettings.cs b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/_Config/_AppSettings.cs
index ef84fe0c5..9091c6e27 100644
--- a/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/_Config/_AppSettings.cs
+++ b/IRaCIS.Core.Domain/_Config/_AppSettings.cs
@@ -53,27 +53,27 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Share
     {
         public int Port { get; set; }
 
-        public string Host { get; set; }
+        public string Host { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
-        public string FromEmail { get; set; }
+        public string FromEmail { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string FromName { get; set; }
+        public string FromName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string AuthorizationCode { get; set; }
+        public string AuthorizationCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string SiteUrl { get; set; }
+        public string SiteUrl { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string OrganizationName { get; set; }
-        public string OrganizationNameCN { get; set; }
+        public string OrganizationName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+        public string OrganizationNameCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string CompanyName { get; set; }
+        public string CompanyName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string CompanyNameCN { get; set; }
+        public string CompanyNameCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string CompanyShortName { get; set; }
+        public string CompanyShortName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
-        public string CompanyShortNameCN { get; set; }
+        public string CompanyShortNameCN { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
 
     }
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace IRaCIS.Core.Domain.Share
     {
         public int Port { get; set; }
 
-        public string IP { get; set; }
+        public string IP { get; set; }=string.Empty;
     }